منابع مشابه
Openness and Impact of Leading Scientific Countries
The rapid rise of international collaboration over the past three decades, demonstrated in coauthorship of scientific articles, raises the question of whether countries benefit from cooperative science and how this might be measured. We develop and compare measures to ask this question. For all source publications in 2013, we obtained from Elsevier national-level full and fractional paper count...
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The goal of science education interventions is to nurture, enrich, and sustain children's natural and spontaneous interest in scientific knowledge and procedures. We present taxonomy for classifying different types of research on scientific thinking from the perspective of cognitive development and associated attempts to teach science. We summarize the literature on the early--unschooled--devel...
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Computational biology is an international collaboration. Open scholarly exchange nurtures the development of our field. And scientists are not the only beneficiaries; international cooperation is a crucial part of any country’s diplomatic relations. Our community, by actively engaging governments, needs to promote scientific exchange. In response to reports of visa difficulties, the Internation...
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Most scientists probably share Einstein’s commitment to searching for and revealing the truth. This commitment implies a variety of ethical norms and values, including honesty, integrity, objectivity, openness, freedom, carefulness and fairness (Shamoo and Resnik 2002). However, professional ambitions and rivalries, financial interests, intellectual property disputes, ideological agendas and ot...
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The extent to which scientific advances support marketplace inventions is largely unknown. We study 4.8 million U.S. patents and 32 million research articles to determine the minimum citation distance between patented inventions and prior scientific advances. We find that most cited research articles (80%) link forward to a future patent. Similarly, most patents (61%) link backward to a prior r...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1997
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/37859